Forensic, legal, and clinical aspects of deaths associated with implanted cardiac devices

As the population ages, the prevalence of heart failure and individuals wearing an implanted cardiac device is increasing. The combination of different underlying pathophysiologies and (the combination of) implanted cardiac devices can become a challenge with regard to the determination of cause and manner of death in such individuals. Additionally, heart disease is frequently associated with mental disease, ranging from anxiety and depression to suicidality and suicide (attempts). At the same time, the correct diagnosis of cause and manner of death is the basis for quality assurance, further therapeutic advances, legal safety, and suicide prevention. By that, an interdisciplinary field between legal medicine, clinicians, and law enforcement opens up. In this field, the different participants can simultaneously benefit from and need each other. For example, legal medicine experts need investigatory results and clinical expertise for the interpretation of readout data of implanted cardiac devices in order to correctly determine the cause of death. A correctly determined cause of death can assist law enforcement and help clinicians to further improve various therapeutic approaches based on correct mortality data collection. In addition, it is the basis for identification of suicides of device carriers, allowing psychological and psychiatric experts to better understand the burden of mental disease in this particular cohort. Against this interdisciplinary background, this manuscript summarizes information about psychiatric comorbidities and suicidality while being on a device. Thereby, basic information on complications and malfunctions of implanted cardiac devices, device-associated deaths with particular emphasis on device manipulation is displayed as basic information needed for correct determination of the cause of death. Also, legal and ethical issues in this field are outlined. The final result is a proposal of an interdisciplinary assessment workflow for a conjoint approach to improve the diagnosis of deaths associated with implanted cardiac devices. It will allow for a differentiation between an individual who died with or due to the device

Forensic, legal, and clinical aspects of deaths associated with implanted cardiac devices

As the population ages, the prevalence of heart failure and individuals wearing an implanted cardiac device is increasing. The combination of different underlying pathophysiologies and (the combination of) implanted cardiac devices can become a challenge with regard to the determination of cause and manner of death in such individuals. Additionally, heart disease is frequently associated with mental disease, ranging from anxiety and depression to suicidality and suicide (attempts). At the same time, the correct diagnosis of cause and manner of death is the basis for quality assurance, further therapeutic advances, legal safety, and suicide prevention. By that, an interdisciplinary field between legal medicine, clinicians, and law enforcement opens up. In this field, the different participants can simultaneously benefit from and need each other. For example, legal medicine experts need investigatory results and clinical expertise for the interpretation of readout data of implanted cardiac devices in order to correctly determine the cause of death. A correctly determined cause of death can assist law enforcement and help clinicians to further improve various therapeutic approaches based on correct mortality data collection. In addition, it is the basis for identification of suicides of device carriers, allowing psychological and psychiatric experts to better understand the burden of mental disease in this particular cohort. Against this interdisciplinary background, this manuscript summarizes information about psychiatric comorbidities and suicidality while being on a device. Thereby, basic information on complications and malfunctions of implanted cardiac devices, device-associated deaths with particular emphasis on device manipulation is displayed as basic information needed for correct determination of the cause of death. Also, legal and ethical issues in this field are outlined. The final result is a proposal of an interdisciplinary assessment workflow for a conjoint approach to improve the diagnosis of deaths associated with implanted cardiac devices. It will allow for a differentiation between an individual who died with or due to the device

Potenziale der schwachen künstlichen Intelligenz für die betriebliche Ressourceneffizienz

POTENZIALE DER SCHWACHEN KÜNSTLICHEN INTELLIGENZ FÜR DIE BETRIEBLICHE RESSOURCENEFFIZIENZ Potenziale der schwachen künstlichen Intelligenz für die betriebliche Ressourceneffizienz / Friedrich, Robert (Rights reserved) ( -

Future passenger transportation : high potential use cases leveraging the opportunity of autonomous vehicles

Over the past decade, the autonomous vehicle (AV) market has continued to gather momentum and the development of such technology was placed on the board agenda of many leading automotive manufacturers, technology companies and start-ups. In this transformative environment, companies are looking for opportunities to exploit the value potential of AVs by enhancing existing and developing new business models (BMs). This research aims to identify high potential use cases for AVs in passenger transportation with a geographical focus on Europe. Use cases are segmented by its operating environment and ownership model and subsequently analysed regarding their potential for commercial success. This research highlights the importance of taking a holistic approach when measuring the business potential of radical technologies. Among thirteen identified use cases, two reached the designation high potential use case and were thereby described in detail. Emphasis is put on the profitability analysis of both use cases by calculating the business rationale including a sensitivity analysis to increase robustness for geographical fluctuations of estimates. Furthermore, this research gives an outlook on the strategic positioning of industry players in the mobility ecosystem of the selected use cases. The importance of strategic partnerships both in technology development and the development of mobility services is highlighted, as complexity and resources needed exceed what companies can achieve by themselves. The path towards mainstream adoption of high potential use cases is outlined and critically assessed by considering primary insights from automotive, mobility service providers and other related industries.Na última década, o mercado de veículos autônomos (AV) continua a ganhar força, e o desenvolvimento dessa tecnologia foi colocado na agenda do conselho de muitos fabricantes, companhias de tecnologia e start-ups. Nesse ambiente transformador, as empresas procuram oportunidades para explorar o potencial de valor dos AVs, aprimorando os existentes e desenvolvendo novos modelos de negócios (BMs). Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar casos de uso de alto potencial de AVs no transporte de passageiros com foco geográfico na Europa. Os casos de uso são segmentados pelo seu ambiente operacional e modelo de propriedade e serão subsequentemente analisados em relação ao seu potencial de sucesso comercial. Esta pesquisa destaca a importância de adotar uma abordagem holística ao medir o potencial de tecnologias radicais. Entre treze casos de uso identificados, dois atingem o rótulo mais alto com a designação de alto potencial e, portanto, são selecionados e descritos em detalhes. Além disso, esta pesquisa fornece uma visão do posicionamento estratégico dos participantes do setor no ecossistema de mobilidade dos casos de uso selecionados. É destacada a importância de parcerias estratégicas, tanto no desenvolvimento técnico como no desenvolvimento de serviços de mobilidade com AVs, pois a complexidade e recursos necessários excedem o que as empresas podem alcançar sozinhas. O caminho para a adoção mainstream de casos de uso de alto potencial é descrito e avaliado de forma crítica, considerando-se os principais insights de fornecedores de serviços automotivos, de mobilidade e outros setores relacionados